Organic Gardening Info from Peaceful Valley

Hi Everyone,  

I am new to the Peaceful Valley Farm Blog site, but will be offering ideas and comments regularly.  Hope I can be of help with your farm and garden questions.

I  have a new homestead that I just moved into last May, so this winter was my first opportunity to plant fruit trees.  The soil is red clay dirt, typical to the California Sierra Foothills.  We dug our holes about 10 times the size of the root ball, amended our soil with compost, worm castings, oyster shell lime, gypsum, kelp, greensand and some microbial inoculant to get the microbial activity going in the soil.  The root ball now has a good amount of room for the roots to move out and food to nourish the young trees.

We created a new fenced in area for this orchard, so the whole area has not been amended.  My plan is to rototill the area surrounding the trees, amend the soil with similar amendments and plant a summer cover crop.  This will aid the surrounding soil into having more tilth and nutrients, so that when the young trees roots reach the edge of their prepared hole they will find a healthier, easier to move into soil, instead of hard red clay.  

We will have the opportunity to amend the surrounding soil by planting summer and winter cover crops this summer and winter.  Next summer I will probably use the area between the young trees to plant a summer vegetable garden.

Good Growing,  Kalita

A PVFS Customer Question with Staff Response

Question:
How do you deal with peach leaf curl. I guess it’s a problem here. Some people use a copper spray. That’s not organic is it? What do I need to do to prevent this or to help the peach survive this. Thanks, Susan

Answer:
Most people use either a copper or sulfur spray during the dormant season. Ideally, you would spray three times while the leaves are off the tree, with the third spray being just as a little bud color is beginning to show. The sprays we sell are used by organic home-gardeners. If you have our 2010 Main catalog, the lavender section on page 130 explains the use of mineral fungicides quite well. If you are a certified organic grower, you must check with your certifying agency to see if the products are approved.

I have had some success at treating peach leaf curl with compost tea during the growing season. Some people pick all the infected leaves off and fertilize to help the tree make a new set of leaves, which are usually disease free. If you decide to replace the tree, Frost & Q-18 are two curl-resistant varieties.

Hope this helps,

PVFS Customer Question with Staff Response:

Question
Hi,
I have a 85′ X 100′ fenced orchard area that doubles as a chicken yard. I want to plant a cover crop to enrich the soil. Then I want to plant your chicken field mix. Which cover crop would be safe to share with chickens? I was going to broadcast it by hand and attempt to lightly rake it in. I live up near Susanville, CA on a southern facing gentle slope. I can irrigate a few times with a hose and sprinkler.

Thank you,

Answer
Hi,

When you say that you want the cover crop to enrich the soil, do you mean that you are planning to till it in later on? Usually, a green manure crop to enrich the soil is one that you grow then incorporate back into the soil so that the organic matter breaks down and releases all the nutrients it accumulated. That is considered the best way to build up your soil for future crops, including the Omega 3 Chicken Forage Blend. If that’s what you want to do, you would choose an annual cool season crop such as the Soil Builder Mix, plant it now (although you might not get a lot of growth until Spring, since the soil is cool), and till it under (roto-till, double dig, etc.) and wait 4-8 weeks before planting your chicken pasture.

As far as a cover crop to grow with a chicken pasture seed, I don’t think that would be a good idea. The blend itself is good for the soil (it has clovers, cowpeas, and alfalfa which are all Nitrogen fixers) and as long as you prepare the soil before hand by sowing a green manure crop or adding compost and fertilizer, it will grow well.

The Omega-3 mix is an irrigated mix, by the way, so you’ll have to water it probably a couple times a week through the dry times (depending on your soil, natural rainfall, etc.).

Give me a call if you want to discuss this any further.
Hope that helps and thank you for growing organically!

A PVFS Customer Question with staff answer.

Question:
Hi there,

We inherited a pasture with a terrible weed problem. I’m new to farming and would like to some how “magically” transform it into a wildflower meadow with some food for our hens. From my reading i understand that the best way to do this is to till it a few times and then plant several generations of cover crops that will die back as the new one is seeded in order to smother the weeds and make room for our meadow. Can you recommend some varieties or mixes that we can grow to make this happen? My first concern is crowding out the weeds, next is that we would love it if our chickens can eat it. We can irrigate if necessary although it’s 2/3 acre so that’s not too desirable. We live near Portland OR and we would like to get started before our weeds have another year to take over. As a bonus question, I’d love some suggestions for meadow mixes that would help feed the hens as well. Thank you for any advice you may have!

Answer:
The best way to rid your pasture of weeds is to exhaust the seed bank and then plant what you want to grow. To exhaust the seed bank, till the area, water and then hoe, flame or VERY shallowly till to kill the seedlings. Rinse and repeat 2 -4 times depending on how strong the seed bank is. The idea is to germinate as many of the seeds on the surface as possible, which is why you don’t want to till deeply which just brings more seeds to the surface.

When you are ready to plant (right after your final weeding) spread some compost and your seeds of choice. Water and you should have a great pasture.

As far as suggestions for what to plant, the Grasses and Wild Flower Mix (SCG055) would be good, or the Sheep Fescue (SCG295) mixed with an annual or perennial clover (chickens LOVE clover!) and the Pacific NW Wildflower mix (SWF810), Mediterranean Dryland Mix (SWF910), Hummingbird Mix (SWF670), or any of the other mixes that catch you eye. The Omega-3 Chicken Forage Blend is a great chicken pasture mix, but it does need summer irrigation.

Hope this helps, and thanks for growing organically!

Take a look at an article in the Sac Bee about PVFS here.

Here at Peaceful Valley, we are in the throes of bare-root sales. However, the terms and restrictions for what can and cannot be planted can be confusing, especially for the first time grower.

The first thing to consider is your growing zone. This is a general description of how warm or cold your temperatures get year round. Where people tend to get confused, even experienced growers, is that in the US, there are two different forms of zone charting: The USDA and Sunset Magazine, possibly more. For simplicity, Peaceful Valley employs the USDA chart exclusively.

How, then, can you find, with any certainty, what USDA zone are you in? You can find zone maps in many locations, but even those cannot be as specific as you need. Fortunately, the good folks at the National Gardening Association have put together a searchable zone chart! Simply go here, and enter your zip code. You will get not only your USDA zone, but links to articles pertaining to growing conditions in YOUR area!

Another question many people have is “How many chill hours do I have? What is a chill hour, anyway?” According to Dave Wilson (the company that has supplied the majority of our bare-root trees for nearly a decade, and services many other nurseries around the nation) a chill hour is defined as one hour under 45 degrees Fahrenheit. However, its not always that simple. For every hour over 60 degrees, you have to subtract one hour. There are other, more specific rules (search for Utah Model Chill), but this is a good general guide.

Now, most people don’t sit out with a clipboard and a thermometer every day, calculating chill data. So, to get your approximate number of chill hours, you would go to your local Ag department — they usually have that data. If you are lucky enough to live in California, our wonderful UC system actually has monitoring up and down the state, with not only recent data, but in some cases, going back 5 years — you get a great picture of trends. The website, broken down by county, can be found here.

As always, we are here to help. Our catalog features many different icons to give you an idea of what grows well in warm climates (ideal for areas like Los Angeles), and what grows well in frigid areas, like Nebraska. But remember, we cannot hold shipments until it gets warm enough for you to plant. There is a method called “heeling in”, which allows you to care for your bare root plants until you are able to plant them in their permanent home. The literature we send out with our plants includes that information, but it can be viewed by downloading the .pdf file on the description page of all our bare-root stock.

Good luck, and Happy Planting!

The Grass Valley NRCS office (call Jason at 530 272-3417) has applications for local farmers to apply for a grant to build up to a 2500 sq ft “hightunnel greenhouse” on your farm to extend your growing season and thus increase your production.

This project was recently expanded to include Nevada County –but time is short!
Anyone needing more information on this – such as prices or other information- reply to this email and we will supply you with information on our hightunnels or/and references to other companies who build these hightunnels…

‘Know Your Farmer, Know Your Food’ initiative for farmers to establish high tunnels
In an effort to help increase the availability of locally grown produce, the USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is offering farmers funding for one high tunnel per farm through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), the EQIP Organic Initiative, and the Agricultural Management Assistance Program. High tunnels, also known as hoop houses, are constructed from metal rafters and covered with greenhouse film or fabric. They are used to extend the growing season and improve crop production. For more information on this program, visit USDA.gov or contact your local NRCS office.

We watched a documentary called “A Man Named Pearl” on Sunday night and felt good about it. It is a warm story about a man who is so talented at creating topiary statues on his three acres in rural South Carolina that people come from all over the country (even from foreign countries) to admire his garden. His motivation came from wanting to win “Yard of the Month” and his hidden talents as a plant sculptor emerged. He opens his garden, free of charge, to busloads of tourists. He opens his heart to everyone that watches the film.

The story is pleasant, and it is also inspirational. Pearl’s words of wisdom are words that we can always be reminded of. This is not a gardening documentary focused on “Organics”, but even though Pearl has a magic touch with plants he makes a point to say that if a plant needs chemical pesticides, it has no place in his garden….he only uses nature to maintain his healthy property. 2 thumbs up!

Everyone here at PVFS sends their wishes of happiness and joy to all of you on this Holiday Season. May you all stay warm, be close with those you love, and enjoy each minute of this special time of year. We thank you for your patronage in 2009.

The recent snow and freezing temps in the teens are now gone and I finally went out to my winter garden to check the carnage. Lo and behold, everything is HAPPY! The Kale is super sweet and extra yummy, the broccoli and brussel sprouts are humming along, and the other greens are just beautiful. I was sure they would be flat and black! Yeah winter vegetables!